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Moderators: Peter Fricke, NMFS; John Whitehead, UNCW
1. Economic Impacts of Marine
Recreational Angling in North Carolina
Gentner, B., NMFS F/ST1, 1315 East West
Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910, 301.713.2328 ext. 215, brad.gentner@noaa.gov
In 1998, the National Marine Fisheries
Service (NMFS) launched the first marine recreational angler expenditure
survey in the Northeast (NE) management region. This series was extended
to the Southeast (SE) management region in 1999. These surveys were
designed to collect the data needed to estimate average and total angler
expenditures, by state and resident status, on trip expenses and durable
goods for use in economic impact assessment. IMPLAN was used to estimate
the economic impacts of these expenditures. Across the United States (US)
anglers spent $20.4 billion with the SE contributing $12.5 billion. North
Carolina has the second highest expenditures in the SE after Florida and
the third highest in the US after Florida and California. Anglers in NC
spent $170 million on trip expenditures and $1.4 billion on durable goods
for a total of $1.6 billion in 1999. Selected economic impact estimates
will be presented for the state of North Carolina.
2. Using
Quality-Augmented GEDD to Analyze Pelagic Longline Fishery Regulations
Dumas,
C.F., Department of Economics and Finance, University of North Carolina at
Wilmington, 601 South College Rd., Wilmington, NC 28403, 910-962-4026,
dumasc@uncw.edu
Parker, K.M., Department of
Economics, North Carolina State University
Raleigh, NC 27695,
(919)515-3006, kmparker@unity.ncsu.edu
Fisheries
managers seek cost-effective regulations to reduce bycatch in pelagic
longline fisheries. Developing such regulations is complicated by
significant price heterogeneity across longline target species and across
quality grades within species. General Equilibrium Derived Demand (GEDD)
analysis measures the net economic impacts of regulations affecting the
interrelated landings of multiple species. We extend GEDD analysis to
capture the economic impacts of changes in catch quality as well as catch
quantity. The modeling framework is used to analyze the potential for
improved catch quality to offset reduced catch quantity in regulated
longline fisheries.
3.
Channel Netting in the North Carolina Shrimp Fishery: A Case Study of
Territoriality and Local Control
Maiolo,
J.R., Department of Sociology, East Carolina University, 210 Pungo Lane,
Chocowinity NC 27817, (252) 974-0813, johnmaiolo@coastalnet.com
Channel netting is a capture
method that has never contributed more than a small amount to the state�s
annual harvest of shrimp. Still, it is one of the few commercial fishing
styles that can be characterized as specifically North Carolinian in both
its invention and use. While the capture technology is both interesting
and unusual, it is the complex of customs which govern the prosecution of
the fishery that offers the social scientist a unique opportunity to add
to our understanding of maritime cultures. This paper is part of a larger
effort to examine the history and culture of the North Carolina Shrimp
Fishery. Within that context, Channel Netting is seen as a locally
controlled harvesting complex. It is based on decades of customs and
traditions that have survived within a growing formalized management
system. Among the more crucial aspects of the local customs are, first,
�laying on a set,� which involves a very specific set of procedures for
queuing in one�s reservation of, and exit from, a fishing location. This
protocol is based exclusively on one�s village of residence. Second, the
physical distance between working fishermen clearly is established. Third,
fishermen attempting to circumvent established traditions become the
subjects of ridicule, and even threats of physical harm in some cases.
4. Where Are They Now? Participation
Decisions of Displaced Louisiana Gill-Netters and Implications for
Multi-Fishery Management Strategies.
Holloway, H.A., Louisiana Department
of Wildlife and Fisheries (LDWF), P.O. Box 98000, Baton Rouge, LA
70898-9000. (225) 765-2605. holloway_ha@wlf.state.la.us
In August of 1995 the Louisiana
Legislature passed the Louisiana Marine Resources Conservation Act of 1995
(Act 1316), which imposed restrictions on the issuance of strike net (gill
net) licenses based on prior licenses held, history of fisheries
violations, and share of earned income from fishing. To ascertain the
effect of Act 1316 on participation of Louisiana�s commercial strike/gill
net fishermen in various fisheries, license data from the Louisiana
Department of Wildlife and Fisheries was analyzed to track the license
purchases of strike/gill net fishermen affected by Act 1316. Of 1,046
licensed gill netters in 1994, the last year before passage of Act 1316,
675 (65%) were still licensed as commercial fishermen in 2001. License
data illustrates that those individuals who remained in the commercial
fishing industry increased their participation in the oyster, blue crab,
shrimp, and set-line/long-line fisheries by varying degrees. This
presentation documents the shifts by license type and recent landings data
and analyzes age, tenure in a fishery, and geographic location as factors
which may have influenced participation decisions.
5.
Taking Institutions Seriously: Using the IAD Framework to Analyze
Fisheries Policy
Imperial,
M.T., Department of Political Science, University of North Carolina at
Wilmington, 601 S. College Rd., Wilmington, NC 28403-5607, (910) 962-3220
(W), (910) 962-3286 (Fax), imperialm@uncw.edu
Yandle, T., Department of
Environmental Studies, Emory University, 1715 N. Decatur Rd., Atlanta, GA
30322, Phone: 404-727-6314, Fax: 404-727-4448, tyandle@emory.edu
Historically, the fisheries management literature has been dominated by
three competing paradigms or approaches to fisheries management: the
traditional centralized bureaucratic model favoring centralized government
regulation; a market-based model favoring individual transferable quotas (ITQs);
and a community-based model advocating the self-regulation of fish
stocks. In recent years, co-management has emerged as a fourth approach
for managing fish stocks. Co-management represents an emerging hybrid
that borrows techniques utilized by the other three approaches in varying
degrees with property rights playing an important role. This paper
examines these four competing approaches to fisheries management using the
Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework. Our analysis
demonstrates that the IAD framework is a useful tool for analyzing
fisheries policy because it uses multiple measures of success and draws
attention to the full range of transaction costs that influence the
development and implementation of fisheries management programs. If new
fisheries management strategies such as co-management are to take hold and
flourish, researchers and practitioners much pay closer attention to
questions surrounding institutional design and performance. This will
improve our understanding of the relationship between science and human
values in decision making. It will also help researchers and
practitioners avoid making faulty policy recommendations.
6. Costs
of Doing Business for North Carolina�s Northern Commercial Fishers
Cheuvront,
B., North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries, Morehead City, NC,
252-726-7021, Brian.Cheuvront@ncmail.net
From 1998
through 2001, the North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries with funding
provided by NOAA through the Atlantic Coastal Fisheries Cooperative
Management Act conducted interviews with commercial fishermen from the
Albemarle, Pamlico and Core Sound areas. Over 400 in-person and telephone
interviews were conducted. The topics in the interviews included fishery
participation, vessel characteristics, operating expenses,
sociodemographics, anthropological constructs, and opinions about fishery
management. This presentation will focus on expenses and business costs
specifically related to blue crab, shrimp, southern flounder, and
shellfish harvesting. Results will emphasize economic differences among
species, locations, and self-reports of expenditures and profitability.
Additionally, relationships among economic factors and
sociological/anthropological variables such as community support,
self-efficacy, and user group conflicts will be presented.
7. An Analysis
of Congestion Measures and Heterogeneous Angler Preferences in a Random
Utility Model of Recreational Fishing
Schuhmann, P.W., Department of Economics and Finance, Cameron School of
Business, 601 South College Road, University of North Carolina at
Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28403-5945, (910) 962-3417, schuhmannp@uncw.edu
Schwabe,
K.A., Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California,
Riverside, CA 92501, 909-787-2361, kurt.schwabe@ucrac1.ucr.edu
The potential importance of
congestion effects on the management and rationing of recreational
facilities and services in the presence of heterogeneous preferences were
highlighted nearly twenty-five years ago by Freeman and Haveman (1977).
While there have been a number of theoretical models extending and
expanding upon this work (McConnell, 1988; Anderson, 1993), empirical
research evaluating such impacts is limited. Evidence of the potential
impacts of congestion on resource usage is of obvious importance,
especially for natural resource managers who understand that congestion
can be an effective rationing device and because users likely differ in
both their preferences for use and aversion to congestion. It is the
objective of this research to compare alternative measures of congestion
for explaining site choice within a random utility modeling framework.
The congestion measures differ with respect to the time horizon over which
they are assumed to be formulated and the measure of central tendency used
to represent them. Furthermore, we investigate how the response to these
congestion measures may differ across two distinct angler types and the
implications of those differences on the per trip willingness to pay for
stock enhancement.
8. Do Angler�s Tell the
Truth? Examining Revealed and Stated Preferences for Conservation
Gentner, B., NMFS F/ST1, 1315 East West
Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910, 301.713.2328 ext. 215, brad.gentner@noaa.gov
There are
many reasons an angler might catch and then release a particular fish
species. The angler may choose to release a fish because it is not
suitable for his consumption, he may be forced to release the fish due to
regulations, or he may choose to release the fish voluntarily for
conservation reasons. The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS)
collects catch and effort data from recreational anglers through its
Marine Recreational Fisheries Statistics Survey (MRFSS), including
information on released fish and the reason for release. As a result, NMFS
has data on an angler�s revealed preference for conservation. Through a
series of economic add-on surveys to the base MRFSS, NMFS has collected
stated preference data on the same conservation decision. A simultaneous
probit system is used to analyze the decision to actually release a fish
for conservation purposes contingent on the angler�s stated preference for
conservation. The preliminary results show that while the decisions are
linked, the linkage is relatively weak.
9.
Socioeconomic Effects of Pfiesteria
Whitehead, J.C., Department of Economics and Finance, Cameron School of
Business, 601 South College Road, University of North Carolina at
Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28403-5945, (910) 962-7497, whiteheadj@uncw.edu
Boyd, E.,
Coastal Resources Management Program, East Carolina University,
Greenville, NC, 27858, boyde@mail.ecu.edu
There is
general agreement in the literature that environmental values tend to vary
with culture and gender, but sometimes overlap among professions and
income groups. Yet the distribution of knowledge about certain
environmental phenomena like pollution and risk determines has been shown
to differ between socio-economic groups. The probability of cross-class
and cross-racial concern and reaction increases when there is a lack of
scientific consensus about the phenomenon. The characterization of the
toxic dinoflagellate Pfiesteria piscicida, and its potential for
risk to human health certainly fit this category, as there are many
questions than answers concerning both. This study displays the
socio-economic groups of responses to specific survey questions focused on
the economic impact of Pfiesteria in the mid-Atlantic region. The results
of this analysis show socio-economic stratification as to risk assessment
and level of concern, but little in relevance to the identity among those
respondents that identify the organism in similar ways. |